Crossbreeding may be divided into two methods.
- Systematic crossing of animals from different breeds/populations spanning several generations.
- Crossing of some animals from one population to another, to secure "new" genes for a population.
F1 Norwegian Red (NRF) x Holstein in Ireland. Photo: Elly Geverink
Hybrid vigor
Hybrid vigor is a more descriptive term for heterosis. The concept involves the increased strength of various traits in hybrids (progeny after crossing) when compared to what may be expected on the basis of an average for the trait(s) in the breeds.
The breeds must supplement each other
Effective crossbreeding begins with two different breeds. These breeds should supplement each other well and each breed needs to have a solid foundation so as to be able to continue their breeding work following their own unique breeding goals. A crossbreeding program must be well planned and organized, and should utilize the best bulls from breeds which match the producer’s wishes.
Documented results
NRF is a high yielding dairy breed which has also strongly emphasized health and fertility traits over the last thirty years. Positive genetic trends for health and fertility, as well as production, has been possible due to the very comprehensive data collection system in Norway together with large daughter groups (minimum 200) in each bull’s first proof.
In comparison to production of purebred Holstein cows, international crossbreeding of NRF and Holstein reduces production costs through lower calf mortality, better fertility, better udder health, and less illness in general. Geno has acquired a considerable amount of documentation for this over the years as the result of crossbreeding trials carried out in several countries. Results from ongoing trails in Canada and USA give clear indications that NRF is a superior breed for health and fertility.